Symptoms And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders

Unit 9 Assignment Ms. A is a 28-year-old married, executive who sees the clinician for symptoms over the last three months. Ms. A experiences trouble sleeping and nervousness. Ms. A states she is in good health and used to use substances, but has not used any substances in the last five years. She has had a 15-pound weight loss and fatigue. She has worrisome thoughts that her husband will leave her after his last business trip. She is irritable and restless, and states that even when she is in a relationship, she has feelings of emptiness. (The case study, n.d.). Mental Health Disorders Ms. A’s diagnosis is most likely Borderline Personality Disorder. Ms. A meets the criteria for real or imagines abandonment as she is afraid her husband will leave her. She has a pattern of unstable and intense personal relationships and states that her past relationships are intense. Ms. A meets the criteria for impulsivity since she used to take substances in the past. She has also shown the criteria for affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood with her feelings of irritability. She also experiences chronic feelings of emptiness. Ms. A also seems to have depression. She has experienced weight loss, sleep disturbance with insomnia, fatigue, and states she feels empty (DSM 5, 2013). Pharmacotherapy Early research with medications for Borderline Personality Disorder was first generation antipsychotics. Different medications were compared: alprazolam, carbamazepine,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders2023 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Depression, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders are common major mental health disorders which occasionally consist of a combination of affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual components.1,2 The history of treatment of mental health disorders consists in a development through years in using pharmacological interventions or psychological therapies. 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Understanding exactly what bipolar disorder is can be difficult, but it is best described as a mental illness that causes severe, unpredictable mood swings, and it may also cause changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. Patients with bipolar disorder have been studied to undergo three primaryRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). 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Although, children and adolescents areRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1295 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety Disorder Many people experience anxiety and nervousness from time to time, typically about a near event, something with an uncertain outcome, problem at work, or making an important decision. It is a normal human emotion and a normal part of life, however, anxiety disorders are not and they are very different. Anxiety disorders are psychiatric disorders which are very serious mental illness. People with anxiety disorders experience overwhelming and constant worry and fear. It often don’tRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1205 Words   |  5 Pageschronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. 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Scheduling Manufacturing Operations Free Essays

string(73) " important to understand the distinction between planning and execution\." ABSTRACT Without true finite capacity scheduling, any implementation for manufacturing execution, whether it is ERP, SCM, or MES, cannot realize the goal of enterprise efficiency and agility. All aspects of OM for manufacturing execution fall behind the lead of FCS, which is the bridge between planning and execution. Real tangible return on assets rests with FCS. We will write a custom essay sample on Scheduling Manufacturing Operations or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION Integrating a diverse collection of resources to accomplish a goal is an issue that has faced humankind since the first city arose and food and services needed to be provided to the populace. The modern challenge for operations management (OM) is the speed and volume that data is presented to OM systems. This explosion of data holds the promise of efficiency and agility unrealized in the past, but it forces the attention of analysts and engineers to convert the flood of data into a useable form to move from planning to action. All the systems such as MES, SCM, and ERP are information hungry beasts that must be fed with the right information at the right time to direct enterprise resources. OM requires a well-coordinated dispatch of its resources to realize efficiency and agility. This paper addresses the need to look at OM from an information-centric perspective as a necessary complement to emerging process-centric views. This discussion moves to the execution systems, also treated from an information-centric perspective, and concludes with a discussion as to why finite capacity scheduling (FCS) is the key to OM for manufacturing execution. WHEN DATA BECOMES INFORMATION Despite the advances in information technology, notably object-oriented software, systems continue to be defined by functional decomposition. Functional decomposition creates complex definitions with fragile coupling and cohesion that are on one side of a great chasm from the reality of the methods that are used to build modern information systems. Information itself is an under designed component of modern systems. Information is a series of objects made from atoms of data. Data becomes information only through context and inferences derived from context. A good example is the use of spreadsheets to attempt to understand data rather than the use of application software designed to with the operational context in mind. Figure 1: Hierarchy of Data Fusion Inferences Figure 1 shows the hierarchy of inferences through a process called data fusion. Data fusion simulates the cognitive processes used by humans to continuously integrate data from their senses to make inferences about the external world. Information systems collect data though sensors and other assets, and in the hierarchy of data processing, multiple data sources are combined to approximate or estimate the condition of some aspect of the enterprise operation. This is the first translation of data to a level of inference. Parametric data is processed to begin specific identification of a situation. As more parametric data are collected, different aspects of the situation come together to allow a contextual analysis of an increasingly complex set of conditions. Once integrated, the situation can be compared to the goals or desired state of the system. Parallel to the types of data processing are the types of inference. With raw data an inference can be made of the general condition. While this level of inference rarely points to a specific correction action, it does begin to isolate what subsystems require attention. The next level of inference will reveal a specific characteristic behavior of the system. With more integrated data, the identity of an operational system or process is revealed. The next inference is the behavior of a process, which then leads to an assessment of a situation. At the highest levels of inference, the performance is assessed to determine the deviation from the performance goals, acceptable risks, or desired state. Data fusion is not a new concept, having its origins in simple scouting, but has come into its own since WWII. The use of data fusion systems as an information springboard for systems design places execution aspects of OM firmly into a modern framework of information systems engineering. WHAT WAS OLD IS NEW AGAIN As mentioned in the introduction, operations management has been, and remains, one of the greatest organizational challenges throughout history. OM arises from the need to coordinate diverse resources to meet the needs of a complex system. The concept of the plan-execute-control model, a â€Å"discovery† made by analysts in the late 1990’s, appears in the historical records of systems management, one of the earliest mentions circa 4th century BC in China. One of the more versatile models in modern systems management appeared in 1977 as a result of a joint effort between Dr J. S. Lawson of the Naval Electronic Systems Command and Dr. Paul Moore of the Naval Postgraduate School. Figure 2 shows the Lawson-Moore model, adapted by the author for general resource management. SENSE is the collection of raw data or other collateral information about the observed environment. PROCESS takes the data through the inference hierarchy, integrating data within the context of the tasks required of the managed resources. The situation as best can be determined with the resources is then compared to the DESIRED STATE. The DESIRED STATE is the result of planning, which drives the allocation of resources to tasks. The plan exists in generalities, except for enterprises where goals are achieved with simple tasks assigned to few or uncomplicated resources. DECIDE is the point where the comparison of the situation to the goals will dictate what corrective actions are needed to bring the performance of the enterprise in line with the plan. ACT is the direct management of resources to alter enterprise performance to close the gap between the current state and the DESIRED STATE. The Lawson-Moore model is a closed-loop execution model, continuously integrating data, making inferences about the environment, and managing resources to meet goals of the plan. The Lawson-Moore model does not address planning, but it does unite planning and execution. To develop an execution system, it is important to understand the distinction between planning and execution. You read "Scheduling Manufacturing Operations" in category "Papers" Figure 2: Lawson-Moore Model (aka Lawson Model) PLANNING AND EXECUTION Planning and execution are related, but not one and the same. Planning does not occur during execution; the plan should be formulated to allow for variations and alternate execution strategies. Business (or manufacturing or service) processes are set in place, serving as doctrine that unites actions within the enterprise. Processes should be compiled for all resource management, and serve as a set of procedures designed to achieve the best results from a united enterprise, while allowing for inspired actions and initiatives. The enterprise doctrine exists so that laborious planning for each individual operation need not repeated with every new plan. The more complex or unstable composition of enterprise resource, the greater the need for standardized procedures. This becomes the foundation of repeatable performance, reducing human variations to the least contributor of performance variations. Planning cannot deviate greatly from doctrine, and execution will fail without doctrine. It is possible that execution will look so different from the plan that the uninitiated will see no similarity, but if the goals of the plan are achieved, then the execution is successful. The next section will unite the inference model with the Lawson-Moore model to develop an information-centric execution model. DATA FUSION AS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Figure 3 shows the execution system that arises from merging inference and the Lawson-Moore model. For main components exist in this system: information collection, execution environment, human-machine interface (HMI), and evaluation. Information collection includes sensors and all other information gathering, and is a critical component to the resources managed by the OM system. The HMI is the primary means by which operators interact with the OM system. Evaluation is the component that applies performance measurements and other measures of effectiveness to determine the degree to which the execution system is meeting the goals of the plan. The execution system performs the data fusion, situation definition, and resource management. Figure 3: Data Fusion as Execution Environment Data flows from sensors contained in resources through data filtering to begin building inferences. Filtered data enters three levels of information processing. Level 1 processing aligns data in time, insures consistent units of measure, and accounts for any other physical aspects of the data. Data from different sources are aligned or correlated in order to develop meaningful inferences (e. g the color of the box has little to do with its volume, but its height, length, and width has a direct bearing on computing volume). The final function of Level 1 is identifying the situation for further processing in Levels 2 and 3. Level 2 assesses the situation within the context of the fusion process in use and available information from Level 1. Level 2 may require algorithms to augment sparse or missing data. Level 3 evaluates the situation and may direct actions to modify the use of resources to minimize deviations from plan goals. The communications between the three processing levels is continuous, forming an information loop within the execution environment to adapt to changes in the external environment. Short term and long term (historical) databases form the decision support system for the OM system. Corrective action can be automatic or require operator intervention as dictated by operation procedures. THE COMMON DENOMINATOR The integrated systems view for the enterprise is emerging as analysts focus on process-centric models and away from product- and information-centric models. Evidence is the REPAC model from AMR, shown in Figure 4. Recognizing the shortcomings of the functions intense MES and SCOR models, AMR developed a model that is focused on the business processes while supporting component assembly. Comparing that process-centric model with the information-centric model, common elements emerge. The main theme in REPAC COORDINATE is the need to schedule detailed activities from PLAN, utilizing feedbacks from EXECUTE and ANALYZE. These are the same themes addressed by the Lawson-Moore model. In both models, the key element is the ability to manage resources at the individual operations to achieve the goals set by the plan. This level of resource management is achieved by dynamic capacitated scheduling, supported by the real-time data from the environment and comparisons to the desired state established by the plan. Figure 4: AMR REPAC Model FCS: THE KEY TO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Whether OM is approached from a process- or information-centric model, finite capacity scheduling drives how resources are deployed to perform the tasks required to achieve the goals of the plan. The sequence of operations, the materials and labor required for operations, and the output of the operations all require supporting resources to act in sync with the business of implementing the plan. Finite capacity scheduling with the ability to account for multiple resource constraints and complex scheduling goals will be scalable to schedule both the lowest level of operation and the supporting resources. Planning is at best an approximation of the resource needs because planning cannot develop a precise quantification of labor, material, or time to meet the goals. Execution cannot begin until the set of actions, well matched to the available resources, is developed to load the operations and develop a timeline for the actions. Execution cannot continue unless the scheduling component can receive the feedback from the resources and develop alternative sets of actions that will best meet the goals of the plan. Only true finite capacity scheduling, design for real-time use, can integrate the planning and execution together to meet the enterprise objectives. CONCLUSION For manufacturing OM to achieve the goals of efficiency and agility, all aspect of planning, execution, and control are necessary to create an effective system. The bridge from the plan to the actions of the organization is dynamic resource management. For an organization with any degree of complexity, procedures need to be in place to establish the general guidelines of operations. In this imperfect world, the plan and procedures must be flexible enough to adapt. The control side provides data and accepts corrective action, but a dynamic element must exist in the OM system that allows for accepting a situation assessment and rapid response to degrading performance. The planning side requires feedback from the OM layer to create future plans. The baseline provided by planning drives the selection of enterprise operations, but the synchronization of these operations, and the alternative actions needed when the exceptions arise, comes from the power of true finite capacity scheduling. FCS is the means by which OM for manufacturing execution becomes a reality. How to cite Scheduling Manufacturing Operations, Papers

Consumer Behaviour Assessment-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is a discipline of management through which marketers try to assess the consumer buying decisions(Ammi, 2013). Consumer behaviour assessment assists in judging customer needs so that organisations can fulfil them accurately. Background of the task Overall purchase behaviour of a consumer differs depending upon the involvement level of the products that consumer purchases(Blythe, 2013). An assessment of the consumer buyer behaviour helps organisations in devising marketing strategies to target consumers based on their decision making process(Armstrong, 2012) Therefore, analysis of buyer behaviour is very important to business organisations. Study of consumer behaviour classifies products as high and low involvement products (Close, 2012). Low involvement products are generally less expensive and frequently purchased products. The time spent on decision making of purchase of such products is low(East Wright, 2013). However, high involvement products are expensive and seldom bought products. The time and attention spent on such products is high(Hoyer, 2012). Therefore, consumer purchase decision and behaviour varies depending on involvement level of the product. Purpose of the report The purpose of this report is to assess the overall decision making process of high and low involvement products purchased by a customer during a particular week. This report also intends to assess the process involved in purchase decision of a high involvement product. Furthermore, the report will try to compare and contrast the difference in purchase decision of high and low involvement products. Format of the report The Report follows business format. A single customer is described through this report The report then discusses the low and high involvement purchase decisions of this single customer. In continuation, the purchase decision of high and low involvement products is compared. Further, insights gathered from the discussion are listed. Finally conclusions are drawn based on the findings. Description of the consumer Understanding of consumer behaviour is based on understanding of consumers traits and background(Kardes, 2014). Consumers are affected by their pear group, personal habits and other personal traits(Lantos, 2012). Therefore, it is important to understand the customer to understand further purchase decisions(Lantos, 2012) Following is the description of the consumer whose purchase decision analysis has been conducted in this report. The consumers age, habits and traits have an important role to play in consumer decision making process. Description of the customer Age 29 Gender Female Marital Status Single Family Living with Parent Education Level MBA Generational Cohort Adults born between 1961 and 1981) GEN Y Value segment Real Conservatism Conventional Family Life Psychographics Concerned with health and appearance Wants and enjoys a healthy lifestyle but is limited by time Finds fulfilment in family and career Prefers the radio over the TV Loves spending any time available with her daughter Does not enjoy shopping activities without a purpose Prefers to save than spend Personality Traits Loves people and society, altruistic, supports and cares Tidy and willing to help No problem to adapt to the majority, avoids controversy Respects authority Seeks contact with other people Likes control over environment Strongly oriented to reality and presence Looks for meaningful activities Table-1 Source: Made by Author (2016( Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) The above description shows that consumer is a female belonging to the young generation. Hence, her purchase decisions may be youth centric. She may buy products that appeal to youth like fast food, fitness services and smartphones. Consumer is traditional by nature and believes in family values. Therefore, family oriented and traditional products may also appeal to her. Consumer behaviour insight Consumer insight mapping is required by business organisations to understand the exact nature of consumer demand and the purchasing pattern of the consumer(O'Shaughnessy, 2012). Consumer insight helps in creating a proper marketing message. Through consumer insight, the marketers can communicate in a way that can be understood by the people(Samli, 2012). Consumer insight involves understanding the customer needs and aspirations so that those products can be made available to them which they desire. The consumer matrix shows that the chosen consumer purchases grocery, food and health and fitness related items on a weekly basis. The customer is a young, single, female, student who purchases food and grocery items on a daily or weekly basis. Pear group is a major influencing factor for the customer. Additionally, items are also purchased based on past experience. The consumer believes in family values and has great concerns for health. The consumer goals include spending more time with family, live a healthy lifestyle and purchase value for money products so that money can be saved. Spending more than needed is a major fear of the customer while shopping. Therefore, priority areas of the customer are value for money shopping and healthy lifestyle. Analysis of decision making process of weekly purchases Weekly purchases are generally repeat purchases which satisfy basic and daily needs(Schmitt, 2010). These are also known as low involvement purchases. The customers weekly shopping items consists of food, grocery and health and fitness related products. Bread is a weekly purchased item as per the consumer matrix. Customer also purchases fruit , vegetable and chicken once a week. Customer spends on yoga and health supplements once a week. Most of these products like fruits, bread, burger, car petrol etc. are repeat purchases and low involvement products. Low involvement products are the products which are purchased without much time given to decision making process(Schiffman, 2013). During the purchase of low involvement products, customer purchases as per convenience and habit. Mostly these purchases occur due to influence from peers, parents or personal choices and same choices are repeated multiple time. Customer has purchased most of these items based on own experience and some li ke coffee on a colleagues suggestion. A few items on the consumers weekly shopping list can also be termed as moderate involvement. Moderate involvement products are those which are not extremely frequent but they are also not so expensive that consumer will spend a very long time deciding about them(Wells, 2012). Mostly moderate involvement products are purchased after a brief search and simple decision making(Baines, 2013). Peer group is the major influencing factor in moderate involvement products(Kotler, et al., 2015). Products like Yoga closes and Airline tickets were purchased by consumer after brief search and discussion with friends and family. However, too much time was not spent on information search and the products were purchased through a simple decision making process. Following chart throws light on low and medium involvement products. Low and Moderate Involvement Products Figure1: Source: Made by Author (2017) Based on (Kotler, et al., 2015) On analysis of the customers purchase matrix for the week, it can be observed that the weekly purchases involves basic needs fulfilling products like bread, noodles and coffee. These products are not very expensive; therefore, consumer does not pay too much attention to the nature of the product. The products are bought through convenient mediums like nearby caf and fast food restaurants. Additionally, there is not much analysis of the product after consumption. Therefore, the customer may continuously keep buying from the same place due to habit and convenience. For an organisation to bring about a change in this type of buying pattern, there is a need for extensive and dedicated marketing communication, so that the organisation can break through the habitual buying pattern of the consumer(Baker, 2012) .These are low involvement products; therefore, the customer does not spend time on deciding and does not actively look for product features. Therefore, marketing communication needs to be frequent and interesting to catch the consumers attention(Blakeman, 2014). Following chart shows the decision making process followed during purchase decision of low and moderate involvement products Purchase Decision process Low involvement Products Figure 2: Source: Made by Author(2017) Based on (Szmigin, 2014) The above process is followed by customer during every purchase(Armstrong, 2012). However, for small purchases and basic needs the problem identification is a continuous and frequent process(Sethna Blythe, 2016). According to the customer purchase matrix, a need was identified by the customer for certain basis need products like bread, burger, fruits and vegetables. Additionally, need was also identified for certain moderate involvement products like airline tickets. The customer did not do much information search for low involvement products and purchased them from the nearest market. There was not much evaluation of alternatives and customer purchased the bread and other basic needs items based on convenience and time saving. Customer was also aware of the quality of these items from previous purchases. As the customer was habitual of purchasing these products, not much post-purchase evaluation was done. Therefore, daily low involvement products were bought by the customer based on habit, convenience, less time criteria and low attention span(Blythe, 2013). Major influencers in purchase decision of customer in case of low involvement products were peer group and parents along with own past purchase experience. The consumer purchase matrix also has certain moderate involvement products like Yoga classes and airline tickets. These items were bought after limited information search and discussion with peer group. However, the consumer was not overly involved in the purchase and made a decision after a short search. Post purchase evaluation was not too extensive and very strong opinion was not formed about the product. Therefore, less attention span and less information search are the features of low and moderate involvement products Analysis of purchase of high involvement product In contrast to low involvement products, high involvement products are more expensive; therefore, more time is spent on searching about such products(Armstrong, 2012). Additionally, the need for such products is an advanced need. Such needs arise from need for comfort or luxury(Ammi, 2013). High involvement product which the customer recently purchased is IPhone 7 Plus. This is a high end smartphone for heavy users(Ammi, 2013). Customer was looking for a brand switch as she was not satisfies with the earlier smart phone, Samsung Note. Customer had issues with android operating system as well. Therefore, past purchase was not satisfactory. Hence, customer felt a need for replacement of the phone. As the customer was not satisfied with android operating system, the next available option of IOS was opted for by her. The customer asked friends and also searched on the internet regarding good IOS phones. IPhone 7 plus appealed to the customer due to its good reviews, colour and shape. Additionally, a friend also influenced the customers choice. After information search and getting convinced about this new phone the customer made the purchase decision. It can be deduced from the above that IPhone 7 Plus was purchased after an extensive information search. As this was an expensive high involvement product, there was an extensive evaluation of the product and the customer found the product satisfactory. Therefore, in case of high involvement products, more attention is given to the product and customer is highly involved in the purchase decision. Comparison between the purchase decision of high and low involvement products Consumer purchase decision is dependent on many varying factors(Armstrong, 2012). Some consumers are able to make quicker decisions based on their knowledge and experience(Armstrong, 2012). However, decision making can be divided into two broad categories; High involvement decision making and low involvement decision making. Following chart makes a comparison between low and high involvement decision making. High involvement Vs Low Involvement purchase decesion Figure 3: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Armstrong, 2012) Consumer purchased daily need products like food, health and fitness services throughout the week. These were low to moderate involvement products as they were relatively cheaper, were a part of habitual baying and did not feature on high attention span list of the customer. Consumer made the decision of purchasing these products based on past purchase experience, experience of a friend and parents. Convenience and easy availably were also factors which influenced this decision making. Low involvement purchases are purchased frequently. For example, the purchase of bread and burger which the customer purchased in this week may get repeated next week as well. following is the process followed during low involvement product purchase Low Involvement Products Purchase Decision Process Figure 4: Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) Therefore, in case of low involvement products, decision making is simple and based on fast satisfaction of needs and convenience. In the case of the customer being analysed, the purchase was based on low involvement, quick decision making based on past purchase and advice from peer group. For example, the customer bought bread from the shop that had supplied the bread in the past to the customer. Customer did not do much information search. Additionally, not much past purchase evaluation was done. Adjustment was made based on experience and repeat purchase was made based on habit or adjustments made as per past purchase. Even if the customer gets dissatisfied ,she would just shift to another product without giving too much attention to the dissatisfaction. On the other hand, in case of high involvement products, decision making process is longer. Customer is greatly impacted by the decision because the products are expensive. In the case of this customer, there was dissonance with proviso product hence, there was even more caution in purchase decision. The customer did extensive information search and then chose the product which suited the requirements in the best possible manner. The basic difference between the process of high and low involvement products is that the information search is more intensive in these products. The reason is that these products are very expensive and are purchased once in a while. Following is the process followed by the customer to make the purchase decision. High Involvement Products- Purchase Decision Process Figure 5: Source: Made by Author, Adapted from (Ammi, 2013) As propounded by this process, the customer identified a need for a new high end smart phone. Additionally, as the customer was not satisfied with past purchase experience, she was even more cautious in making the new decision. Unlike the low involvement products, customer indulged in extensive information search. Information was gathered from internet, friends and product reviews in magazines and newspapers. Ultimately, based on the dissonance of the past purchase, the customer decided not to buy android devices and buy Iphone7 plus instead, which is an IOS operated device. A lot of time was given to the decision making process and many different aspects regarding the product was debated upon by the customer. Unlike low involvement purchase, the decision was not quick or based on convenience and availably. Lot of evaluation was done post purchase and strong opinions about the product were formed by the customer based on purchase experience. Therefore, a lot of difference exists in approach towards purchase of high and low involvement products. Key Insights as observed from the purchase behaviour of the customer Following are the key insights which came out of the analysis of the customer buying decision- Low involvement purchases are the weekly purchases which the customer makes for satisfaction of basic needs, Customer does not spend too much time on these purchases and makes decisions which are based on convenience or easy availability. Influence of friends, parents or past purchases have a great role to play in such purchases. The justification for low involvement in basic needs products is that they are inexpensive and purchased frequently. Hence, any mistake in purchase can be rectified in the next purchase. Strong opinions about the products are not made and the customer cans easily shift to other products in case of dissatisfaction. The reason for this type of behaviour is inexpensive and frequently bought product. Therefore, customer does not spend too much time to look out for information on these products. Such products need frequent and repetitive advertisement to make a place in the customers mind On the other hand, high involvement products are expensive and are brought once in a while. A mistake in the purchase cannot be rectified. Therefore, customers spend a large amount of time to look for such products and follow extensive information search. They learn from experience of friend, family and their own past experience. As a lot of money is involved, customers make the decision after taking into account all features of the product. Additionally, post purchase evaluation is also extensive and the customer makes strong opinion about the product. The reason for this behaviour is expensive and seldom bought products. Conclusion Consumer behaviour is a complicated process which involves understanding of buyer behaviour. Customers show different buyer behaviour for different types of products. Therefore, marketers need to understand involvement level of customers to properly understand their needs and wants. References Ammi, C., (2013) Global Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Armstrong, G., (2012) Marketing: An Introduction. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Baines, P., (2013) Essentials of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press . Baker, M., (2012) The Marketing Book. New Jersy: Routledge. Blakeman, R., (2014) Integrated Marketing Communication: Creative Strategy from Idea to Implementation. Plymoth: Rowman Littlefield. Blythe, J., (2013) Consumer Behaviour. London: SAGE. Boone, L., (2011) Contemporary Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning. Close, A., (2012) Online Consumer Behavior: Theory and Research in Social Media, Advertising, and E-tail. New York: Routledge. East, R. Wright, M., (2013) Consumer Behaviour: Applications in Marketing. London: SAGE. Hoyer, W. D., (2012) Consumer Behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Kardes, F., (2014) Consumer Behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Kotler, P. et al., (2015) Marketing. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU,. Lantos, G. P., (2012) Consumer Behavior in Action. New York: M.E. Sharpe,. O'Shaughnessy, J., (2012) Consumer Behaviour: Perspectives, Findings and Explanations. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Samli, A. C., (2012) International Consumer Behavior in the 21st Century: Impact on Marketing Strategy Development. humburg: Springer Science Business Media. Schiffman, L., (2013) Consumer Behaviour. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU. Schmitt, B. H., (2010) Customer Experience Management: A Revolutionary Approach to Connecting with Your Customers. Melbourne: John Wiley Sons. Sethna, Z. Blythe, J., (2016) Consumer Behaviour. London: Sage. Szmigin, I., (2014) Consumer Behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wells, V., (2012) Handbook of Developments in Consumer Behaviour. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

The Great Gatsby Essays (1085 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby Psychological evaluation Patient: Nick Carraway Session: 1 Time: 5:00 Wednesday Toady a new patient came in named Nick Carraway. Carraway is a struggling bond salesman that just moved next to that big place on the island, Gatsbys place. He seems to like his new home, but he often talks about how the homesickness he feels is relating back to his fathers conduct. Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope. I am still a little afraid of missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly suggested and I snobbishly repeat, a sense of fundamental decencies is parceled out unequally at birth(Fitzgerald 6). It kind of struck me how Carraways attitude could be shaped by a simple code of conduct. He began to talk about how this person eluded some moral standards. I wanted to no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart . Only Gastby, was exempt from my reaction(6). He said that he gave this a reason because Gatsby was, basically, everything Carraway hoped to be. I thought a while before I gave my reply. I explained to him that li fe was about how rich a man was in experience, not how much material he has. He kind of shrugged it off like it was a cheap psychiatrist line. The more he told me about Gastby, it seemed the more he felt he needed to emulate him. He then began to talk of a Mr. Tom Buchannan. Tom was not to Carraways liking. He seemed harsh and too masculine to have any relation in Nicks life. Nick is simple, innocent, and he is just starting out. From what he has told me about him, Tom seems to be a bigot of sorts, not to fond of Nicks existence in this side of town at all. How does tom fit in to all this, I asked myself. Tom is Daisys husband; Daisy is Nicks cousin. Kind of confusing, eh? Carraway started to finish up the session with a story of how he and Tom took a trip to Manhattan. On the way they stopped at Wilsons Gas Station to meet Toms girl. I was shocked by this finding. Nick carried a new burden upon his shoulders. Should he tell Daisy about they affair? I told him not to worry and to wa it until next week. Session: 2 Time: 5:00 Wednesday (a week later) The session began usually how all others do. Some preliminary banter settled the mood; however, Carraway quickly rose to the point that had been troubling him. The same point that ended the conversation last week. What can I do? He asked. I mean do I tell Daisy or not. Its kind of importanther well being I mean. If tom isnt happy she should know, right? I cant tell you what to do, I retorted however I can help you with options. He sat there with a blank face. What I mean is this, I began again maybe you dont have to tell Daisy. It is not your job to get into their affairs, but family is family. Please continue about Toms girl. Shes Wilsons wife, correct? Yes, he answered. She is in her middle thirties. And faintly stout, but she carries her surplus flesh sensuously as some women can(29). Continue, I asked him. Her name is Myrtle. Thats really about it. Well maybe you could help Tom realize what he is doing. He is supposed to love Daisy. From what you told me Tom is the kind of person that will do the good if good is called for. Will he? he answered. He broke Myrtles nose that afternoon. I asked Carraway about his relationship with Gastby. He told me it really hadnt changed. Parties become more and more frequent. Session: 3 Time: See above time (two weeks later) Nick seemed more troubled than before. He had told he that the man that held his hopes and his dreams in the palm of his hand let him down. Gatsby, that man, was a bootlegger. A lot of people have been bootleggers. Im not justifying the behavior Im just saying it was the thing to do, I told him People say One time he killed a man(65). He explained to me that Gatsby is an Oxford man. Nick

SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI Essays - Islam, Sahabah, Free Essays

SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI Essays - Islam, Sahabah, Free Essays SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI "I hated every minutes of training, but I said. Don't quit, suffer now and live the rest of your life as a champion" - Muhammad A li. Can you guess this inspirational quote is from whom ? It was from the Greatest o f All Time Muhammad Ali. At first he was known as Cassius Clay before he converted to Islam and changed his name. Ali has touched upon so many lives, and such a diverse group of people, shows that even now, nearly 35 years after his retirement, Ali still inspires us all of us athlete or not, young or old, white or black. The reason why he's the Greatest of All Time is not because of what he did in the ring, which was unbelievable. It's what he did outside of the ring, what he believed in, what he stood for. H e is a great inspiration, he fights racism in the world and he is involved in many humanitarian groups . In 1975, Ali says he threw his gold medal in the Ohio River after not being served at a "whites only" restaurant . As he said "Service to others is the rent you pay for your house on earth." Ali gave me the great deal of confidence and deep down in the belief that's there's no one that can stop us from doing what we wanted to do. F or Example , Muhammad A li was diagnosed with his longtime battle with Parkinson's disease in mid-1980. He lost the ability to speak as his illness is getting worse, but he still helping raising millions of dollar for charity and inspiring of entire community. Muhammad Ali was also known for his public stance against the Vietnam War . I admired the fact that he was concerned about people. In 1960 he refuses an Army call-up . He was given two alternatives either goes to jail or war, but he said there is another alternative which is justice. Islam is peace, He refuse to kill innocent people because Islam are against killing and violence. He inspired me and gave me a voice. He told us that we mattered. He humanized our Muslims' story. His confidences were equally matched with his humility and compassion in his later life. He taught me to love hu manity w hether you are black, white, Jewish, Christian, Muslim, poor or rich. He is celebrated not only for his remarkable athletic skills but for his willingness to speak his mind and his courage to challenge the status quo. He has inspired us and the world to be the best version of ourselves. To be the best you must believe with yourself, Speak what you want to speak , tell yourself you a re the greates t , be confident you can do it . Specific purpose To explain or inform the audience about a man, Muhammad Ali who is stro ng and very outspoken person that inspire us to never give up in anything or whatever we wanted to do in life. He trying to bring peace and prosperity to the world. Therefore, Muhammad Ali influences a lot of people to strive to be the best. Central ideas Muhammad Ali, a famous and very inspiring boxing champion that has touched upon so many lives, and such a diverse group of people. During his career, his influence on the world of boxing changed the sport forever. He fights racism in the world and he is involved in many humanitarian groups. He gave me the great deal of confidence and deep down in the belief that's there's no one that can stop us from doing what we wanted to do. Ali was diagnosed with his longtime battle with Parkinson's but he still helping raising millions of dollar for charity. He also refuse d an Army call-up to kill innocent people because Islam are against killing and violence. He taught us to love humanity whether you are black, white, Jewish, Christian, Muslim, poor or rich. Until the end, his name will always reflects on our lives.

Conjugation of Conocer

Conjugation of Conocer Conocer, a verb that usually means to know in the sense of knowing a person or place, is sometimes irregularly conjugated in its present tenses and the imperative mood. The stem, conoc-, changes to conozc- when it is followed by an -o or -a. Other verbs following this pattern include agradecer, complacer, crecer, desconocer, desobedecer, florecer, merecer, nacer, obedecer, ofrecer, perecer, pertenecer, preconocer, and reconocer. Irregular forms are show below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Conocer conocer (to know) Gerund of Conocer conociendo (knowing) Participle of Conocer conocido (known) Present Indicative of Conocer yo conozco, tà º conoces, usted/à ©l/ella conoce, nosotros/as conocemos, vosotros/as conocà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas conocen (I know, you know, he knows, etc.) Preterite of Conocer yo conocà ­, tà º conociste, usted/à ©l/ella conocià ³, nosotros/as conocimos, vosotros/as conocisteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas conocieron (I knew, you knew, she knew, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Conocer yo conocà ­a, tà º conocà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella conocà ­a, nosotros/as conocà ­amos, vosotros/as conocà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas conocà ­an (I used to know, you used to know, he used to know, etc.) Future Indicative of Conocer yo conocerà ©, tà º conocers, usted/à ©l/ella conocer, nosotros/as conoceremos, vosotros/as conocerà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas conocern (I will know, you will know, he will know, etc.) Conditional of Conocer yo conocerà ­a, tà º conocerà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella conocerà ­a, nosotros/as conocerà ­amos, vosotros/as conocerà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas conocerà ­an (I would know, you would know, she would know, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Conocer que yo conozca, que tà º conozcas, que usted/à ©l/ella conozca, que nosotros/as conozcamos, que vosotros/as conozcis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas conozcan (that I know, that you know, that she know, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Conocer que yo conociera (conociese), que tà º conocieras (conocieses), que usted/à ©l/ella conociera (conociese), que nosotros/as conocià ©ramos (conocià ©semos), que vosotros/as conocierais (conocieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas conocieran (conociesen) (that I knew, that you knew, that he knew, etc.) Imperative of Conocer conoce (tà º), no conozcas (tà º), conozca (usted), conozcamos (nosotros/as), conoced (vosotros/as), no conozcis (vosotros/as), conozcan (ustedes) (know, dont know, know, lets know, etc.) Compound Tenses of Conocer The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, conocido. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, conociendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Conocer and Verbs Following the Same Pattern Me encontraba trabajando a tiempo completo y no pude conocer personalmente a los chicos. (I found myself working full-time and wasnt able to get to personally know the boys. Infinitive.) Ha merecido la pena el viaje hasta aquà ­. (The trip to here has been worth the bother. Present perfect.) Esta ciudad no es muy grande, pero todavà ­a no la conozco bien. (This city isnt very large, but I still dont know it well. Present indicative.) Estoy ofreciendo mucho ms que la paz. I am offering much more than peace. Present progressive.)  ¿Alguna vez has querido saber en quà © dà ­a de la semana naciste? (Have you ever wanted to know which day of the week you were born on? Preterite.) Antes los padres mandaban y los chicos obedecà ­an; hoy sus roles estn invertidos. (Before, the parents gave orders and the children obeyed; today, their roles are reversed. Imperfect.) Solo florecemos si nuestras necesidades emocionales estn atendidas. (We will only flourish if our emotional needs are attended to. Future.) No te reconocerà ­a si nos encontrsemos. (I wouldnt recognize you if we were to run into each other. Conditional.)  ¿Cà ³mo reparo algo que pertenezca a otro? (How can I repair something that belongs to someone else? Present subjunctive.) Hubo una gran variedad de penas aplicables a toda persona que desobedeciera el decreto imperial. (There was a great variety of punishments applicable to everyone who disobeyed the imperial degree. Imperfect subjunctive.)  ¡No desobedezcas creyendo que todo estar bien! Dont disobey believing everything is going to be OK! Imperative.)

English Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

English Composition - Essay Example They are country people who are happy living on the edge of the country which is shown when a cow pokes around the backyard. Maggie is content with the idea that she will be marrying an unattractive but dependable man who she doesn’t really love but who she is comfortable with. He also lives in their small town so she won’t need to move too far away from her mother. When she was little, she was trapped in a fire that caused scarring on her arms and legs. Her own ugliness makes her shy and withdrawn. This idea is carried through the story as Maggie seems to only hover around the edges of her sister’s visit. In her interests and activities, Maggie is more like her uneducated mother. Although she tries to read to her mother in the evenings like Dee did, â€Å"she stumbles along good-naturedly but can’t see well. She knows she is not bright.† She is used to doing things the same way her ancestors did which is made clear when it’s mentioned that s he understood the â€Å"small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood† of the butter churn’s dasher. While she values the family’s cultural treasures, she values them on a number of levels. Maggie enjoys her heritage from a lived experience. Dee, on the other hand, is known for her good looks, her outgoing charm and her ‘refusal to be denied.’ Her mother talks about how she’s had a charmed childhood. She was always able to get her way with other people. She had and still has natural charm and good looks. She is also intelligent which made it possible for her to reach a higher level of education than the rest of her family. Although her mother doesn’t know whether or not Dee’s married to the man she travels, but Mama is afraid to ask. Overall, Dee’s attitude is very much like a middle class urban woman. This life doesn’t seem to be completely satisfying though since she spends her visit desperately

Issues in Multicultural Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues in Multicultural Education - Essay Example For instance, cultural diversity in the US public schools is growing at rapid pace in the present decade. As a result, the teachers are facing intense problem to deliver education facilities to a culturally diverse classroom. A common problem identified by teachers in this context is the successful understanding of the needs of the each diverse student and providing education assistance effectively. As argued by Fullan (1991), the teachers should be capable of understanding the uniqueness of each student and successfully control the diversities to improve the students both academically as well as behaviorally within a diverse classroom. (2) Who is involved? (A) As part of the problem? The problem of cultural diversity in the classroom is especially faced by students and teachers, which result in poor performance of the learners in their curriculum. Generally teachers and students face significant problems to convey the intended information to each other, which in turn causes significant miscommunication problems. Additionally, differences between the cultural backgrounds of the students and the teachers, also raises the proper identification of students’ values (Worrell, n.d.). ... (3) What is the proposed solution? Identifying the Key Student Differences Each student in the classroom is unique in relation to their behavioral traits, learning capabilities and styles, feelings as well as responsiveness. These distinctive parameters for any specified child becomes more apparent in a diverse environment. Therefore, teachers should be capable to meet successfully with the ‘point of need’ of every child to provide efficient guidance as per their requirements (Worrell, n.d.). In this regard, lessening the teacher and student ratio within a classroom setting shall provide with greater opportunity to teachers in monitoring the needs of every student distinctively and more critically. Improve Co-Relation with the Students’ Families For the better understanding of the students’ societal and cultural background, the school authorities should increase communication with the students’ parents or legal guardians. This method undoubtedly woul d support the teachers to understand the background of the student and modify the teaching process accordingly (Worrell, n.d.). Introduce School-Wide â€Å"Cultural† Alliance Effective communication among the students of several cultures along with successful collaboration through cultural programs and activities shall assist teachers to meet the requirements of the both ends (London, Gurantz & Norman, 2011). Culturally Responsive Teaching Method To enhance cultural responsiveness throughout the teaching method, teachers should be research oriented for better understanding of the capabilities of each student. Teachers should be capable to identify the deficiencies and also the

Different Approaches to the Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Different Approaches to the Meaning of Life Essay The question what is the meaning of life? is often treated as a paradigmatic head in the clouds sort of philosophical question that more practical people shouldnt have the time for, but its actually a question of tremendous practical importance. Further, it is a question to which most people, even those who claim to have no interest in such questions, answer implicitly with the lives they chose to lead. So if you don’t want to bother with such questions, and just want to enjoy yourself, you are effectively saying that enjoyment is the ultimate point of human life. If you spend your life pursuing one of, say, money, power, pleasure, or religious understanding, then you implicitly commit yourself to such organizing principles representing what is really important in life. The choices we make in our lives are often governed by such implicit conceptions of what is most important to us, and while it may be that, say, being happy is the most important thing, it may take a certain amount of reflection on these larger questions to become clear about this. Some might think that thinking about questions like the meaning of life is itself the most important thing for us to do, but even if we don’t, we can still see that it is very important to spend at least some time doing, since such organizing principles are too important for us to accept without reflecting on them at all. Further, if there really is a point or meaning to our lives, and we live our lives according to a different principle (say if we live for enjoyment when serving God is the real purpose of life, or (conversely) if we spend our lives in prayer when enjoying life is its real purpose) then we may have literally wasted our lives. Since that is something we shouldnt want to do, it seems that, if life does have a purpose, we would do well to know what it is. On the other hand, if life doesnt have a purpose, it might be good to know that rather than spending it serving some illusory ideal, though this latter point is more controversial. If life did have no meaning, and there was no point to anything we did, then it might seem better not to investigate this topic at all, since looking in to it would only cause us distress. (Though if life really were meaningless, the fact that we were so distressed would not really matter. ) 2. Four Approaches to the question of life’s meaning. While the authors covered in the class give many varied answers to the question of what the meaning of life is, and some dont give a clear answer to it at all, they all fall into one of four groups when it comes to thinking about that kind of answer the questions should have. That is to say, there are four different approaches to the question: What is it that determines the meaning of our lives? 1 I. Radical Objectivists. This first group (which includes Plato, Epictetus, Schopenhauer, as well as James and Tolstoy in their post-crisis periods) take what really matters to be determined by factors that are completely independent of us (be it God, Reason, Nature, the Form of the Good or just the way things are). Its our responsibility to live up to these standards, but there is no sense in which these standards come from us. (Schopenhauer, while he denies that God exists, has a touch of this when he insists that a life of intellect just is objectively better (and not just happier) than a life of passion and willing). This might, of course, seem to make lifes purpose too remote from our actual lives, which might lead one to become one of the II. Theorists of Human Nature In this second group we can include Aristotle, Marx and Epicurus. Like the radical objectivists they take the purpose of life to be something given, that is, its an objective fact that we arent at liberty to change, but unlike the radical objectivists, they think that this fact is grounded in objective facts about our own natures. Our shared human nature is what determines what is the best life for all of us. Still, it may be hard to defend this sort of view unless one were already a radical objectivist, since without such an overarching framework, its much harder to think of humans as having a such a fixed essence or nature, which might lead one to become one of the III. Constructivists This third group (which includes Nietzsche, Sartre, Hare, and Nagel (from his more subjective perspective)) ground the purpose of our lives in our own drives, desires and wants. However, unlike the theorists of human nature, they dont take such drives to be objective in the sense of being independent of our attitudes towards them. For these philosophers, the drives etc. that ground the purpose of our lives can change, and are (to a certain extent) under our (not always conscious) control. Because of this, the meanings of our lives, such as they are, are things that we make. Unfortunately, one might doubt that transient creatures like ourselves are up to the task of making such meanings, in which case one might become one of the IV. Nihilists This last group (which includes Camus, Nagel (from his more objective perspective) and James Tolstoy (when they were in crisis mode)) agree with the constructivists that there are no objective facts which could determine a purpose to our lives, but also believe that something as ephemeral as our passing desires and drives is not enough to make a life really meaningful. Consequently, in the absence of any objective meaning, life must ultimately have no meaning at all, and there is, ultimately, no ‘point’ in doing anything. This final spot is not a happy one to be in, and its perhaps not surprising that James and Tolstoy both bounce from #4 back to #1 when the prospect of living with #4 becomes too bleak. Still, while it can seem natural to slip from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3 and from 3 to 4, and 4 to despair, lots of people have argued that the slide can be stopped at various points along the way. 1 As a result, every point on the spectrum has it supporters, though no position on it seems completely stable, which is why the question will probably always continue to be debated. 1 H a r e , f o r in s ta n c e , c a n b e u n d e r s to o d a s a r g u in g th a t th e th r o u g h th a t 3 le a d s to 4 c o m e s f r o m a c o n f u s io n a b o u t w h a t it is to m a tte r .

Shakespeare’s Henry V :: Journalism Essays

Shakespeare’s Henry V Imagine†¦chivalry between the kings of England and France clashing like a jouster’s lance slamming into the shield of its opponent. The impact may or may not have thrown the knight of his horse, but the King’s College production of Shakespeare’s Henry V knocked me of my seat. It was the most captivating college performances I’ve ever experienced. Not only did it impress me, the production sucker punched my doubts about college plays. Shakespeare’s Henry V is based on the story about England’s successful campaign to conquer France. Written in 1599, the play is still being reproduced by play-rights and actors alike. Perhaps it’s the plays legendary theme of patriotism or the dramatic courage of King Henry that keeps the masterpiece alive. Either or Shakespeare had shaped the structure of theater and developed a marvelous way of entertainment for telling a story. Director J. Gerald Godwin rendition bought about the traditional perspective of Henry V close to perfection. Due to the brilliant use of the dynamic stage which drew attention from the audience on seven angles, Godwin set not only the mood of the dark ages but also brought the audience back to the future. The well-planed compositions of the thrust stage and meticulous selection of the magnificent cast forced it to set the ton. Al Vota fit the stereotypical medieval King of England with his clean-cut beard beneath his pointy noise. Was it his powerful voice projecting forcefully or his cocky attitude towards his mighty men—wearing ridiculously snug tights—making him outshine the rest of the cast? A remarkable scene with Cassie Westover (Princess Katherine of France) and King Henry clashing with their distinct language barrier also stands out in my mind. The two matched each other’s level of performance and made an impressive pair. Needless to say, Al Vota’s performance may have been the greatest factor that harnessed the attention of the audience. Cassie’s uncanny ability to speak French fluently—without previous education—is an impressive approach to capture her character properly. Her tone of voice and face expressions spoke enough. It’s bazaar that you can understand what a person is trying to say even with broken English. Her ability to perform effectively drew the magical twist of romance within the masculine theme of war and violence. Another great performer that showed an impressive talent on acting his part is Daniel J.

Cardiovascular Review Sheet Essay

The following questions refer to Activity 1: Studying the Effect of Flow Tube Radius on Fluid Flow. 1. At which radius was the fluid flow rate the highest? 6.0 mm 2. What was the flow rate at this radius? 1017.2 mmHg 3. Describe the relationship between flow rate and radius size. The relationship between the flow rate and the radius size is direct with the formula flow rate=radius to the fourth power. 4. What happens to blood vessels in the body if increased blood flow is needed? The blood vessels dilate to increase the flow to where the blood is needed in the body.  The following questions refer to Activity 2: Studying the Effect of Viscosity on Fluid Flow. 5. At what viscosity level was the fluid flow rate the highest? 1.0 6. Describe the relationship between flow rate and viscosity. The relationship is inversed; meaning a fluid that has a high viscosity has a slow flow because it resists the flow. Fluid that has a low viscosity will flow faster because it is less resistance to the flow. 7. Was the effect of viscosity greater or less than the effect of radius on fluid flow? Why? Less, the radius of blood vessels effect flow more because the large blood vessels allow more blood to flow through regardless of viscosity. 8. What effect would anemia have on blood flow? Why? The effect would cause a decrease in blood flow because anemia causes the blood vessels to constrict. The following questions refer to Activity 3: Studying the Effect of Flow Tube Length on Fluid Flow. 9. At what flow tube length was the flow rate the highest? 10mm 10. Describe the relationship between flow tube length and fluid flow rate. The relationship between flow tube length and fluid flow rate is when the tube length is shorter the faster the flow. 11. What effect do you think obesity would have on blood flow? Why? When blood vessels lengthen, they cause a flow of blood to decrease, because there is only roughly 7 miles of blood vessel for every 1 pound of fat. When someone gains weight, the body has to produce more blood vessels which lead to decreased blood flow and high blood pressure. The following questions refer to Activity 4: Studying the Effect of Pressure on Fluid Flow. 12. What effect did increased pressure have on the fluid flow rate? The effect that increases pressure have on the fluid flow rate is that the greater the pressure the faster the flow. 13. In the body, where does the driving pressure for fluid flow come from? The driving pressure for fluid flow comes from the heart. Pump Mechanics The following questions refer to Activity 5: Studying the Effect of Radius on Pump Activity. 14. What happened to the flow rate as the right vessel radius was increased? When the right vessel radius was increased the flow rate increases. 15. What happened to the rate (strokes/min) as the right vessel radius was increased? Why did this occur? Stroke rate increased as the right vessel radius increased because the beaker emptying time decreased. The following questions refer to Activity 6: Studying the Effect of Stroke Volume on Pump Activity. 16. At what stroke volume tested was the pump rate the lowest? 120 17. Describe the relationship between stroke volume and pump rate. The relationship between stroke volume and pump rate is that as stroke volume increases, the pump rate decreases. This happens because this is an inverse relationship. 18. Use the relationship in question 17 to explain why an athlete’s resting heart rate would be lower than that of a sedentary individual. An athlete has a higher stroke volume than a sedentary individual, meaning the athlete needs fewer heart beats to achieve the same cardiac output. The following questions refer to Activity 7: Studying Combined Effects. 19. How did decreasing the left flow tube radius affect pump chamber filling time? Hint: Look at the change in flow rate and relate this to filling time. When decreasing the left flow tube radius to affect the pump chamber filling time is by decreasing the left flow tube caused by an increase in the pump chamber filling time. 20. When the left beaker pressure was decreased to 10 mm Hg, what happened to the filling time? After the left beaker pressure was decreased to 10mm Hg, the filling time increased in response to decreased pressure in the left beaker. The following questions refer to Activity 8: Studying Compensation. 21. With the right flow tube radius decreased to 2.5 mm, what conditions did you change to bring the flow rate back to normal? The conditions that I changed to bring the flow rate back to normal were the increase left flow tube radius, increase pump pressure, increase left baker pressure and decrease right beaker pressure. 22. A decreased tube radius is analogous to atherosclerosis (plaque formation in vessels). Describe the effect this would have on resistance in the arterial system and how the human heart might compensate for this change. Atherosclerosis causes an increased atrial resistance which causes the heart to compensate by increasing pumping pressure.

An Analysis of Prue By Alice Munro Essay

â€Å"Prue† is the main character of the story and is described by the narrator as a woman who aims to become the real person that she wants to be despite all the situations that she is actually involved with at present. Her understanding of her role as a woman is shown through the different experiences that she had to deal with in her life. It starts with her being divorced from her first husband with whom she bore children to. Her children I the story are already grown an are self sufficient, making her appear as a woman who is trying to suffice her own needs through working as a dining room hostess in Britain and currently a Toronto clerk. She is a woman of good sense of humor who is able to handle life’s challenges in a much positive approach that makes her more extraordinary than other women of her age. Considering this particular fact, it is undeniable that she has carried on with her life issues with much positivism and strength in handling her dreams in balance with what she has at the moment. Her involvement with Gordon, a man with a wife of his own though, gave her a rather unstable status with regards her emotional standing and her relationship with the said man. Considerably, such issues have not been shown by the character of Prue as something that is directly affecting her and her growth as a woman. Instead of actually being deeply involved, she then takes several souvenirs that are neither expensive nor too much worthless from the man that she adores and kept them in a tobacco tin where she kept other mementos from her past experiences and other people she met with in her life. Theme Statement (a) Women are subjected to many challenges in life and as individuals; they have different approaches in facing such issues. For Prue, hiding her emotions was likely her process of facing life. Complexities of the Story Women are known for their capability of handling multiple tasks at the same time. Serving the people that they love and still being the person that they ought to be is one of the primary things that women are mostly concerned of. In the story of Prue though, the said characterization of women has been much focused on making a known identification of how women strive to become sufficient for themselves as they grow apart from their children to whom they owe responsibility. Understandably, such status in life makes the character of Prue rather shows a woman who is able to survive life through disregarding some of the basic things that she has to do like writing letters to her children so as to make a connection to them even though they have all grown and are already having a time of their own lives. The author, Alice Munro actually presented the story with some explanations regarding the characterization of Prue missing within the plot of the story. Likely, this complication is not at all accidental. The author primarily wants the readers to fill themselves in, into the shoes of Prue and thus be able to realize the kind of person that she is in their own way of understanding. It is through this that the author could actually involve the personality of the readers within the character portrayed by Prue within the story. Element identification The element of emotion has been casually omitted from the explanations of the different situations that Prue had to deal with as she trod the journey of her life. Munro has naturally made the story more complex in terms of explaining what is already obvious within the plot. Furthermore, Munro used the different elements of womanhood to actually show the different issues that are involved with women dealing with the real situations in life that they are faced with. Relationships and responsibilities actually shape the personality of women all around the world. The description of Prue’s character in the story cold actually be noted to have a direct effect on the manner by which Alice Munro herself wants to help the readers understand the characterization of women altogether. She then aims to let the readers know that women are individuals who are in need of their own identity that separates them from the others. Unlike an average woman of her own, it could also be noted that Prue’s character in the story point out an extraordinary individual who could use humor to cover up what she really feels about a certain situation that has been presented to her by life. Her involvement with Gordon has been treated by Prue as a worthwhile experience that has developed her growth and understanding of relationships. Although it has been so much complicated considering that Gordon has a wife and still undergoing divorce proceedings, she still managed to get the best out of such personal and intimate involvement with a man. Prue’s character insists in presenting a kind of woman who is able to handle the difficulties in life with so much optimism in mind. It is through this particular process that the woman trying to grow within Prue’s personality began to reveal as the story progresses towards the end. Understandably, such an issue is presented through the ways by which she uses humor to hide her emotions. It could be observed that through the establishment of the character of Prue in that particular state, she has become an epitome of a woman who tries to become the real person that she wants to be despite all the experiences that she has to face with in her life. The regularities of the different challenges that she meets with everyday, at work, with her relationship with her children, with her relationship with the man she adores, her character stands out to be someone who is able to control her emotions and still grow out of the fact that she feels pain inside her. She knows that all these events are a part of life that is supposed to make her grow towards the person that she aims to become. Considerably, Prue’s character is presented as a regular individual who have had chances of dealing with their mistakes and their limitations in life with the use of optimism and supposed wisdom in understanding life as it presents a lot of challenges along the way. Through this, Prue’s character mirrors the capability of humans to use humor and optimist to survive life’s issues as they come every now and then. Understandably, the different effects of relationships and emotional attachments as well as responsibilities upon the personal development of women could actually be understood through the narration of how Prue actually met with the different issues that she had to handle in her life as a woman, as a mother, as a worker and as a lover who wishes for nothing but the best for her and for those whom she loves.

Difference Between Atomic Radius and Ionic Radius

Difference Between Atomic Radius and Ionic Radius You cant simply whip out a yardstick or ruler to measure the size of an  atom. These  building blocks  of all matter  are much too small, and, since  electrons  are always in motion, the diameter of an atom is a bit fuzzy. Two measures used to describe atomic size are  atomic radius and  ionic radius. The two are very similar- and in some cases, even the same- but there are minor and important differences between them. Read on to learn more about these two ways to measure an atom. Key Takeaways: Atomic vs Ionic Radius There are different ways to measure the size of the atom, including atomic radius, ionic radius, covalent radius, and van der Waals radius.The atomic radius is half the diameter of a neutral atom. In other words, it is half the diameter of an atom, measuring across the outer stable electrons.The ionic radius is half the distance between two gas atoms that are just touching each other. This value may be the same as the atomic radius, or it may be larger for anions and the same size of smaller for cations.Both atomic and ionic radius follow the same trend on the periodic table. Generally, radius decreases moving across a period (row) and increases moving down a group (column). Atomic Radius The atomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost stable electron of a neutral atom. In practice, the value is obtained by measuring the diameter of an atom and dividing it in half. The radii of neutral atoms ranges from 30 to 300 pm or trillionths of a meter. The atomic radius is a term used to describe the size of the  atom, however, there is no standard definition for this value. Atomic radius may actually refer to the  ionic radius,  as well as the  covalent radius, metallic radius, or  van der Waals radius. Ionic Radius The ionic radius is half the distance between two gas atoms that are just touching each other. Values range from 30 pm to over 200 pm. In a neutral atom, the atomic and ionic radius are the same, but many elements exist as anions or cations. If the atom loses its outermost electron (positively charged or cation), the ionic radius is smaller than the atomic radius because the atom loses an electron energy shell. If the atom gains an electron (negatively charged or anion), usually the electron falls into an existing energy shell so the size of the ionic radius and atomic radius are comparable. The concept of ionic radius is further complicated by the shape of atoms and ions. While particles of matter are often depicted as spheres, they arent always round. Researchers have discovered chalcogen ions are actually ellipsoid in shape. Trends in the  Periodic Table Whichever method you use to describe atomic size, it displays a trend or periodicity in the periodic table. Periodicity refers to the recurring trends that are seen in the element properties.  These trends became apparent to  Demitri Mendeleev  when he arranged the elements in order of increasing mass. Based on the properties that were displayed  by the known elements, Mendeleev was able to predict where there were holes in his table, or elements yet to be discovered. The  modern periodic table  is very similar to Mendeleevs table but today, elements are ordered by increasing  atomic number, which reflects  the number of protons  in an atom. There arent any undiscovered elements,  although new elements  can be created that have even higher numbers of protons. Atomic and ionic radius increase as you move down a column (group) of the periodic table because an electron shell is added to the atoms. Atomic size decreases as you move across a row- or period- of the table because the increased number of protons exerts a stronger pull on the electrons. Noble gasses are the exception. Although the size of a noble gas atom does increase as you move down the column, these atoms are larger than the preceding atoms in a row. Sources Basdevant, J.-L.; Rich, J.; Spiro, M. Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics. Springer. 2005. ISBN 978-0-387-01672-6. Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed., p.1385). Wiley. 1988. ISBN 978-0-471-84997-1.Pauling, L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond (3rd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1960Wasastjerna, J. A. On the Radii of Ions.  Comm. Phys.-Math., Soc. Sci. Fenn.  1  (38): 1–25. 1923

American Government Journal Topics

American Government Journal Topics Journal topics can be another method  for students to learn about American Government. The following topics can be used in Civics and American Government courses: Democracy to me means†¦An alien has just landed. Explain to that alien the purpose of government.Identify a need in your school that you believe should be addressed. Write in your journal what changes you believe should be made as if you were presenting this to your principal.Describe what you believe life would be like in a dictatorship.What questions would you specifically like to ask the President of the United States?Taxes in this country are†¦If I could add an amendment to the constitution it would be†¦Capital punishment is†¦Which is more important to your daily life: local government, state government, or federal government? Explain in our journal why you answered as you did.The state of _____ (fill in your state) is unique because†¦I consider myself (republican, democrat, independent) because†¦Republicans are†¦Democrats are†¦If you could step back in time, what questions would you ask the founding fathers?Which Founding Father or Foundin g Mother would you most like to meet? Why?What three words would you use to describe America? Explain how you plan to participate in government as you grow older.Public opinion polls are†¦Imagine that the school board has decided to eliminate your favorite program from school. For example, they might have decided to do away with art classes, band, track and field, etc. What could you do to protest this move?A president should be†¦

Consequences of Upward Mobility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consequences of Upward Mobility - Research Paper Example The paper states that societies shape the way a person behaves, how they view themselves and others, how they perceive their surroundings and how well they cope with misfortunes. (Surowiecki 443) agrees that whenever the community mourns, they come together to seek solutions. However, within families, societies, and communities, there is differentiation, and so, a member of a family or a community may feel different from others for many reasons including financial status, gender, socialization, and upbringing. (Serano 395) portrays an example of these differences in the coming out story of a transsexual woman. Serano explains that contempt and fear have shaped the society’s attitudes towards sexuality, gender, and women as whole. With these, there is a link between Surowiecki and Serano’s perception of culture and society. The whole society, through the media, reacted towards Serano’s coming out, maybe as an attempt to understand or find a solution to the queer k nowledge of her sexuality. Serano gives an account of her experiences through a culture that stereotypes transsexuals. (Nathan 234) also offers insight into diversity and community. She says that people always want to meet people from dissimilar backgrounds but when they do, they get uncomfortable and in turn, prefer people who are like them. This is also portrayed in Serano’s story. Understanding an individual’s behavior or tendency of making decisions requires a background understanding of the person’s psychological and physiological processes, their social systems, and the role of nature and nurture in their behavioral pattern. Societies have a great influence on the decisions people make because of the expectations it places on its members. People are therefore inspired to make decisions that agree with the expectations of society and more so, our decisions are socially shaped. Serano decided to keep her sexuality a secret before the coming out because she w as trying to be like everyone else in society. To maintain normality, she remained in the closet before deciding to come out. This is not always the case. Other factors are also very important in decision making, for instance, social experiences, cognitive maturity, and personality types play a role in one’s decision-making tendencies. Probably Serano’s experiences forced her to come out and change herself. To understand the importance of community and society, (Nathan 230) says that members of a community must have similarities, which permits them to relate to each other. The similarities are values, which are instilled in members and this helps them function together, just as Surowiecki explains in the functionality of the community, the community uses teams to solve problems. These teams are bound together with unified values and similarities. Together with the values, experiences of community members are also important in enabling them function and get along well. During difficulties, they rely on each other’s experience to cope and find solutions.